Cellulose synthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria produce cellulose, a structural carbohydrate that is the main component of plant cell walls. This process involves the assembly of glucose molecules into long chains, which are then bundled together to form cellulose fibrils. Understanding cellulose synthesis is important for improving our knowledge of plant growth and development, as well as for potential applications in industries such as biofuels and textiles. Researchers study the enzymes and mechanisms involved in cellulose synthesis to better understand how plants produce this important structural material.